Showing posts with label Torah. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Torah. Show all posts

Monday, October 16, 2023

The Forgery of Israel

 

For many centuries Jews were a constant irritation to European Christians. If ever there was a hated nation, it was them. Allegations of abduction and cannibalization of Christian children were common in many parts of Europe, particularly Germany. Their atrocities on debtors were the topic of European literature and they made themselves intimidating by having gold implants in their teeth. But their greatest intimidation was their assumed and publicized claim that they were descendants of Abraham, the most respected Biblical character who is credited with introducing the concepts of day of judgment, heaven, and hell. Their extreme maltreatment at the hands of the Nazis was perhaps the culmination of that simmering hatred.

The European Christians found a way to get rid of them by accepting their claim on Palestinian lands as per a covenant done between God and Abraham mentioned in the Torah. The new state was called Israel after the term children of Israel mentioned in the Torah/Pentateuch/Old Testament. The term children of Israel signifies the members of the clan or tribe of Mr. Israel and their descendants

As to how the children of the real or mythical Mr. Israel became the descendants of Abraham is an interesting story which can be traced in the Old Testament. It turns out that it was an adopted name of Jacob the grandson of Abraham and the son of Issac. When one reads the following verses of the Book of Moses in King James version of the Holy Bible, it becomes apparent that the name-change and its occasions were inserted in the text that contained only the history of Jacob.  This forgery may have been done when the Torah was published in the Masoretic version. The pages of earlier authentic copies such as the codices of Sinaiticus and Aleppo that could expose this forgery have been destroyed in some way or the other.

Given below are the verses which mention Israel versus Jacob and anyone who has edited a manuscript should be able to recognize the act of forgery and its poor implementation in this text.

Genesis 32

24 And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.

25 And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was out of joint, as he wrestled with him.

26 And he said, Let me go, for the day breaketh. And he said, I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.

27 And he said unto him, What is thy name ? And he said, Jacob.

28 And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel : for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

29 And Jacob asked him, and said, Tell me, I pray thee, thy name. And he said, Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name ? And he blessed him there.

30 And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel [the face of God] : for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.

31 And as he passed over Penuel the sun rose upon him, and he halted upon his thigh.

32 Therefore the children of Israel eat not of the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day ; because he touched the hollow of Jacob’s thigh in the sinew that shrank.

Genesis 33

18 And Jacob came to Shalem, a city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Padan-aram ; and pitched his tent before the city.

19 And he bought a parcel of a field, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for a hundred pieces of money.

20 And he erected there an altar,  and called it El-Elohe-Israel [God the God of Israel].

Genesis 34

7 And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard it : and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob’s daughter ; which thing

ought not to be done.

Genesis 35

9 And God appeared unto Jacob again, when he came out of Padanaram, and blessed him.

10 And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob : thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name ; and he called his name Israel.

11 And God said unto him, I am God Almighty : be fruitful and multiply : a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins ;

12 and the land which I gave Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land.

13 And God went up from him in the place where he talked with him.

14 And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him, even a pillar of stone : and he poured a drink offering thereon, and he poured oil thereon.

15 And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Beth-el.

19 2And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem.

20 And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave : that is the pillar of Rachel’s

grave unto this day.

21 And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond the tower of Edar.

22. And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father’s concubine : and Israel heard it.

27 2And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mamre, unto the city of Arba, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned.

28 And the days of Isaac were a hundred and fourscore years.

29 And Isaac gave up the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his people, being old and full of days : and his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.

Genesis 36

31 And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel.

Genesis 37

1 And Jacob dwelt in the land wherein his father was a stranger, in the land of Canaan.

2 These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren ; and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, his father’s wives : and Joseph brought unto his father their evil report.

3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age : and he made him a coat of many colors.

4 And when his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all his brethren, they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto him.

13 And Israel said unto Joseph, Do not thy brethren feed the flock in Shechem ? come, and I will send thee unto them. And he said to him, Here am I.

Genesis 38

34 And Jacob rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his loins, and mourned for his son many days.

Genesis 42

1 Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, Jacob said unto his sons, Why do ye look one upon another ?

2 And he said, Behold, I have heard that there is corn in Egypt : get you down thither, and buy for us from thence ; that we may live, and not die.

3 And Joseph’s ten brethren went down to buy corn in Egypt.

4 But Benjamin, Joseph’s brother, Jacob sent not with his brethren ; for he said, Lest peradventure mischief befall him.

5 And the sons of Israel came to buy corn among those that came : for the famine was in the land of Canaan.

29 And they came unto Jacob their father unto the land of Canaan, and told him all that befell unto them ; saying,

30 The man, who is the lord of the land, spake roughly to us, and took us for spies of the country.

36 And Jacob their father said unto them, Me have ye bereaved of my children : Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye will take Benjamin away : all these things are against me.

Genesis 43

6 And Israel said, Wherefore dealt ye so ill with me, as to tell the man whether ye had yet a brother ?

7 And they said, The man asked us straitly of our state, and of our kindred, saying, Is your father yet alive ? have ye another brother ? and we told him according to the tenor of these words : Could we

certainly know that he would say, Bring your brother down ?

8 And Judah said unto Israel his father, Send the lad with me, and we will arise and go ; that we may live, and not die, both we, and thou, and also our little ones.

9 I will be surety for him ; of my hand shalt thou require him : if I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever :

10 for except we had lingered, surely now we had returned this second

time.

11 And their father Israel said unto them, If it must be so now, do this ; take of the best fruits in the land in your vessels, and carry down the man a present, a little balm, and a little honey, spices and

myrrh, nuts and almonds :

12 and take double money in your hand ; and the money that was brought again in the mouth of your sacks, carry it again in your hand ; peradventure it was an oversight.

Genesis 45

21 And the children of Israel did so : and Joseph gave them wagons, according to the commandment of Pharaoh, and gave them provision for the way.

Genesis 46

1 And Israel took his journey with all that he had, and came to Beersheba, and offered sacrifices unto the God of his father Isaac.

2 And God spake unto Israel in the visions of the night, and said, Jacob, Jacob. And he said, Here am I.

3 And he said, I am God, the God of thy father : fear not to go down into Egypt ; for I will there make of thee a great nation.

4 I will go down with thee into Egypt ; and I will also surely bring thee up again : and Joseph shall put his hand upon thine eyes.

5 And Jacob rose up from Beer-sheba : and the sons of Israel carried Jacob their father, and their little ones, and their wives, in the wagons which Pharaoh had sent to carry him.

6 And they took their cattle, and their goods, which they had gotten in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt, Jacob, and all his seed with him :

7  sons, and his sons’ sons with him, his daughters, and his sons’ daughters, and all his seed brought he with him into Egypt.

8 And these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons : Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn.

26 All the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt, which came out of his loins, besides Jacob’s sons’ wives, all the souls were threescore and six ;

27 and the sons of Joseph, which were borne him in Egypt, were two souls : all the souls of the house of Jacob, which came into Egypt, were threescore and ten.

28 And he sent Judah before him unto Joseph, to direct his face unto Goshen ; and they came into the land of Goshen.

29 And Joseph made ready his chariot, and went up to meet Israel his father, to Goshen, and presented himself unto him ; and he fell on his neck, and wept on his neck a good while.

30 And Israel said unto Joseph, Now let me die, since I have seen thy face, because thou art yet alive.

Genesis 47

27 And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt, in the country of Goshen ; and they had possessions therein, and grew, and multiplied exceedingly.

28 And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years : so the whole age of Jacob was a hundred forty and seven years.

29 And the time drew nigh that Israel must die : and he called his son Joseph, and said unto him, If now I have found grace in thy sight, put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and

truly with me ; bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt :

30 but I will lie with my fathers, and thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their buryingplace. And he said, I will do as thou hast said.

31 And he said, Swear unto me. And he sware unto him. And Israel bowed himself upon the bed’s head.

Genesis 48

2 And one told Jacob, and said, Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee : and Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed.

3 And Jacob said unto Joseph, God Almighty appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me,

4 and said unto me, Behold, I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee a multitude of people ; and will give this land to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession.

8 And Israel beheld Joseph’s sons, and said, Who are these ?

9 And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given me in this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I will bless them.

10 Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see.  And he brought them near unto him ; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

11 And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face : and, lo, God hath showed me also thy seed.

12 And Joseph brought them out from between his knees, and he bowed himself with his face to the earth.

13 And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel’s right hand, and brought them near unto him.

14 And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim’s head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh’s head, guiding his hands wittingly ; for Manasseh was the firstborn.

20 And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh : and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.

21 And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die ; but God shall be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers.

Genesis 49

2 Gather yourselves together, and hear, ye sons of Jacob ; and hearken unto Israel your father.

7 Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce ; and their wrath, for it was cruel : I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.

28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel : and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them ; every one according to his blessing he blessed them.

33 And when Jacob had made an end of commanding his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people.

Genesis 50

1 And Joseph fell upon his father’s face, and wept upon him, and kissed him.

2 And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father : and the physicians embalmed Israel.

3 And forty days were fulfilled for him ; for so are fulfilled the days of those which are embalmed : and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten days.

Note: If the Egyptians had so much respect and regard for Mr. Israel that they mourned his death for seventy days, then why hasn’t any archeologist found any relic related to him in the excavations in Egypt?

 


Saturday, September 09, 2023

Faith and Grammar

 

An ancient piece of text in any language written before the development of its grammar is always ambiguous and subject to multiple interpretations.

I asked  an AI chatbot about when the grammars of the languages in which most popular divine books are written were compiled. Here is the answer.

The grammar of the following languages was compiled at different times throughout history:

Greek: The grammar of the Greek language was compiled by ancient Greek scholars and grammarians starting from around the 4th century BCE. The most famous of these works is the "Art of Grammar" by Dionysius Thrax, which was written in the 2nd century BCE.

Latin: The grammar of the Latin language was also compiled by ancient Roman grammarians. One of the earliest Latin grammars is the "Ars grammatica" by Aelius Donatus, which was written in the 4th century CE. However, there were earlier works on Latin grammar as well.

Hebrew: The grammar of the Hebrew language was studied and compiled by Jewish scholars over centuries. One significant work on Hebrew grammar is the "Sefer Yetzirah," written in the early centuries CE. However, the most comprehensive and influential Hebrew grammar work is the "Kitāb al-ʼAyn" by Saadia Gaon, written in the 9th century CE.

Arabic: The grammar of the Arabic language was extensively studied and compiled by Arab linguists and scholars from the 8th century CE onwards. Some of the most notable works on Arabic grammar include "Al-Kitab" by Sibawayh, written in the 8th century CE, and "Al-Kitab fi al-Nahw" by Ibn Hisham, written in the 13th century CE.