The Pakistani lawyers’ movement for the restoration of the superior court judges who were dismissed on the 3rd of November, 2007 with the imposition of “emergency” by president and general Pervez Musharraf has the support of the majority of people in Pakistan. But unfortunately the case has not been presented by the lawyers in a manner that could be understood by a man of average intelligence. Here is an attempt to do so:
As a member of the Pakistani armed forces General Pervez Musharraf is supposed to have taken the following oath as prescribed in the Constitution of Pakistan:
“I,__________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan and uphold the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan which embodies the will of the people, that I will not engage myself in any political activities whatsoever and that I will honestly and faithfully serve Pakistan in the Pakistan Army (or Navy or Air Force) as required by and under the law.”
As the president of Pakistan he is supposed to have taken the following oath:
“I,__________________________, do solemnly swear that I am a Muslim and believe in the Unity and Oneness of Almighty Allah, the Books of Allah, the Holy Quran being the last of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him, the Day of Judgment, and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah:
That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan:
That, as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well-being and prosperity of Pakistan:
That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan:
That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions:
That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan:
That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will:
And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as President of Pakistan, except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as President.”
On the 3rd Nov, 2007 he signed a proclamation containing the following the folloeing words:
“And whereas the situation has been reviewed in meetings with the Prime Minister, Governors of all four Provinces, and with Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Chiefs of the Armed Forces, Vice Chief of Army Staff and Corps Commanders of the Pakistan Army;
Now, therefore, in pursuance of the deliberations and decisions of the said meetings, I, General Pervez Musharraf, Chief of the Army Staff, proclaim emergency throughout Pakistan.
I hereby order and proclaim that the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan shall remain in abeyance.
This Proclamation shall come into force at once.”
Clause 6 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan states:
“6. High treason.-(1) Any person who abrogates or attempts or conspires to abrogate, subverts or attempts or conspires to subvert the Constitution by use of force or show of force or by other unconstitutional means shall be guilty of high treason.
(2) Any person aiding or abetting the acts mentioned in clause (1) shall likewise be guilty of high treason.
(3) 1[Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)] shall by law provide for the punishment of persons found guilty of high treason.
It is obvious that on signing of the proclamation of "emergency" Mr. Musharraf and his associates mentioned in it had reneged on their oaths of office to uphold the Contitution and had committed acts which disqualified them from holding any public or military office in Pakistan and they all stood stripped of their ranks and offices.
It follows that the pursuant actions of Mr. Musharraf as either President or Chief of Army Staff were farcical and of no legal consequence. The mutilation of the Constitution carried out in the PCO is too vulgar to be elaborated here. Even if they escape punishment for their actions by guile or threat of violence or the support of aliens, history will not forgive them.
Judges of Supreme and High courts of Pakistan had taken the following oath of office as per the Constitution:
“I,__________________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan:
That, as Chief Justice of Pakistan (or a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan or Chief Justice or a Judge of the High Court for the Province or Provinces of .......................), I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, and faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law:
That I will abide by the code of conduct issued by the Supreme Judicial Council:
That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions:That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan:
And that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will:”
On 3rd November, 2007 and the following days a number of judges of Supreme and high courts took the following oath:
"I_________________, do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan :
That, as Chief Justice of Pakistan or a Judge of Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court or a Judge of the Federal Shariat Court, or the Chief Justice or a Judge of the High Court for the Province of-----), I will discharge my duties and perform my functions honestly and to the best of my ability and faithfully in accordance with the Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November, 2007, the Provisional Constitution Order No. 1 of 2007 and the law.
That I will abide by the provisions of the Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November, 2007, the Provisional Constitution Order No. 1 of 2007, and the Code of Conduct issued by the Supreme Judicial Council :
That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decision :
And that, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will".
Quite obviously, these judges had reneged on their oath of allegiance to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and become ineligible for judicial duties as they fell under the purview of Article 6 of the Constitution.
The judges who refused to take the new oath obviously are still bound by their original constitutional oaths of office.
If the PCO judges had taken the treacherous oath intentionally, knowing the contents of the documents mentioned in the oath then there is nothing to be said in their favor. But if they were tricked or coerced into taking that oath, they should come clean and find a way to renounce or revoke that oath. I would not venture to guess whether the legal community of Pakistan will accept their apology, but at least they can put their conscience to rest.
Sunday, July 06, 2008
Thursday, May 29, 2008
The Urdu Revolution
1. It seems that the ruthless onslaught of the army chief as part of his war on justice has damaged Pakistan's Judiciary beyond redemption. It has also exposed the weaknesses of the legal/judicial system which was an extension of the alien monarchical system in which the judge instructs the jury not to give judgment on the accused but to find a culprit from amongst the others who were present on the scene. The demand for the implementation of Islamic jurisprudence in Pakistan is going to gain momentum and the West's dreaded Talibanism may benefit from any delay in restoring a judiciary not subservient to the army.
2. The superior judiciary used to be a beacon of hope for the mostly oppressed and downtrodden people of Pakistan. The desperation resulting from the disappearance of the last ray of hope may have serious repercussions upon the national psyche and more and more people may decide to take the law in their own hands.
3. It seems that the incumbent army chief is being threatened with dismissal if he does not speak up in favor of the extremely unpopular president. In December 2001 when a similar situation had existed, the US diplomats had arranged a terrorist attack on Delhi parliament and the US ambassador to India (who had also been an ambassador to Pakistan) had made public speeches inciting the Indian people to demand military action against Pakistan, finally resulting in the massing of Indian troops on Pak borders and the capitulation of politicians and acceptance of 17th constitutional amendment. This time round, the tactics are different. Will Kiyani's nerves hold?
4. At the moment Pakistan is being run exclusively and single handedly by deceased Benazir's “will power” and the parliament has become less than a rubber stamp. It is true that a confrontation between the real parliament and the artificial judiciary can provide the provisional president an opportunity to exercise the yo-yo of 58-2-B and do the ultimate disservice to the nation, but then what are people for? After all Ayub resigned when he found that everyone in the streets was calling him a dog. Does the “will power” have the charisma to bring the people out into streets? Some pessimists have already started wondering if Pakistan's future depends on the number of signed blank papers Benazir may have left behind.
5. Those who witnessed the spontaneous outburst of violence following the murder of Benazir can well imagine what might happen if the people of Pakistan lose their patience. They have learnt that they can only survive by uniting as a single nation and asserting their democratic rights. With the army, the judiciary and the presidency being recognized as national culprits and a leaderless parliament, the people have to find new leaders and create a new system of their own. If a hand gets in their way it must be broken. It will be an unprecedented carnage which will make the French revolution look like a picnic. The Urdu revolution will be remembered in history for a very long time.
2. The superior judiciary used to be a beacon of hope for the mostly oppressed and downtrodden people of Pakistan. The desperation resulting from the disappearance of the last ray of hope may have serious repercussions upon the national psyche and more and more people may decide to take the law in their own hands.
3. It seems that the incumbent army chief is being threatened with dismissal if he does not speak up in favor of the extremely unpopular president. In December 2001 when a similar situation had existed, the US diplomats had arranged a terrorist attack on Delhi parliament and the US ambassador to India (who had also been an ambassador to Pakistan) had made public speeches inciting the Indian people to demand military action against Pakistan, finally resulting in the massing of Indian troops on Pak borders and the capitulation of politicians and acceptance of 17th constitutional amendment. This time round, the tactics are different. Will Kiyani's nerves hold?
4. At the moment Pakistan is being run exclusively and single handedly by deceased Benazir's “will power” and the parliament has become less than a rubber stamp. It is true that a confrontation between the real parliament and the artificial judiciary can provide the provisional president an opportunity to exercise the yo-yo of 58-2-B and do the ultimate disservice to the nation, but then what are people for? After all Ayub resigned when he found that everyone in the streets was calling him a dog. Does the “will power” have the charisma to bring the people out into streets? Some pessimists have already started wondering if Pakistan's future depends on the number of signed blank papers Benazir may have left behind.
5. Those who witnessed the spontaneous outburst of violence following the murder of Benazir can well imagine what might happen if the people of Pakistan lose their patience. They have learnt that they can only survive by uniting as a single nation and asserting their democratic rights. With the army, the judiciary and the presidency being recognized as national culprits and a leaderless parliament, the people have to find new leaders and create a new system of their own. If a hand gets in their way it must be broken. It will be an unprecedented carnage which will make the French revolution look like a picnic. The Urdu revolution will be remembered in history for a very long time.
Sunday, May 18, 2008
Hail H2O
John 2:1-11
1) On the third day there was a marriage at Cana in Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there; 2) Jesus also was invited to the marriage, with his disciples. 3) When the wine failed, the mother of Jesus said to him, "They have no wine." 4) And Jesus said to her, "What does that have to do with me? My hour has not yet come." 5) His mother said to the servants, "Do whatever he tells you." 6) Now six stone jars were standing there, for the Jewish rites of purification, each holding twenty or thirty gallons. 7) Jesus said to them, "Fill the jars with water." And they filled them up to the brim. 8) He said to them, "Now draw some out, and take it to the steward of the feast." So they took it. 9) When the steward of the feast tasted the water now become wine, and did not know where it came from (though the servants who had drawn the water knew), the steward of the feast called the bridegroom 10) and said to him, "Every man serves the good wine first; and when men have drunk freely, then the poor wine; but you have kept the good wine until now." 11) This, the first of his signs, Jesus did at Cana in Galilee, and manifested his glory; and his disciples believed in him.
Moral: Those who always drink wine and have never tasted pure water will appreciate it as an excellent drink when they consume it for the first time.
1) On the third day there was a marriage at Cana in Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there; 2) Jesus also was invited to the marriage, with his disciples. 3) When the wine failed, the mother of Jesus said to him, "They have no wine." 4) And Jesus said to her, "What does that have to do with me? My hour has not yet come." 5) His mother said to the servants, "Do whatever he tells you." 6) Now six stone jars were standing there, for the Jewish rites of purification, each holding twenty or thirty gallons. 7) Jesus said to them, "Fill the jars with water." And they filled them up to the brim. 8) He said to them, "Now draw some out, and take it to the steward of the feast." So they took it. 9) When the steward of the feast tasted the water now become wine, and did not know where it came from (though the servants who had drawn the water knew), the steward of the feast called the bridegroom 10) and said to him, "Every man serves the good wine first; and when men have drunk freely, then the poor wine; but you have kept the good wine until now." 11) This, the first of his signs, Jesus did at Cana in Galilee, and manifested his glory; and his disciples believed in him.
Moral: Those who always drink wine and have never tasted pure water will appreciate it as an excellent drink when they consume it for the first time.
The Poor Fig Tree
Matthew 21:14-22
14) And the blind and the lame came to him in the temple, and he healed them. 15) But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things that he did, and the children crying out in the temple, "Hosanna to the Son of David!" they were indignant; 16) and they said to him, "Do you hear what these are saying?" And Jesus said to them, "Yes; have you never read, `Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast brought perfect praise'?" 17) And leaving them, he went out of the city to Bethany and lodged there. 18) In the morning, as he was returning to the city, he was hungry. 19) And seeing a fig tree by the wayside he went to it, and found nothing on it but leaves only. And he said to it, "May no fruit ever come from you again!" And the fig tree withered at once. 20) When the disciples saw it they marveled, saying, "How did the fig tree wither at once?" 21) And Jesus answered them, "Truly, I say to you, if you have faith and never doubt, you will not only do what has been done to the fig tree, but even if you say to this mountain, `Be taken up and cast into the sea,' it will be done. 22) And whatever you ask in prayer, you will receive, if you have faith."
Moral: Hunger takes away a man’s reason. Even Jesus, the epitome of mercy cursed the fig tree that was unable to satisfy his hunger; rather than commanding it to bear fruit at once.
14) And the blind and the lame came to him in the temple, and he healed them. 15) But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things that he did, and the children crying out in the temple, "Hosanna to the Son of David!" they were indignant; 16) and they said to him, "Do you hear what these are saying?" And Jesus said to them, "Yes; have you never read, `Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings thou hast brought perfect praise'?" 17) And leaving them, he went out of the city to Bethany and lodged there. 18) In the morning, as he was returning to the city, he was hungry. 19) And seeing a fig tree by the wayside he went to it, and found nothing on it but leaves only. And he said to it, "May no fruit ever come from you again!" And the fig tree withered at once. 20) When the disciples saw it they marveled, saying, "How did the fig tree wither at once?" 21) And Jesus answered them, "Truly, I say to you, if you have faith and never doubt, you will not only do what has been done to the fig tree, but even if you say to this mountain, `Be taken up and cast into the sea,' it will be done. 22) And whatever you ask in prayer, you will receive, if you have faith."
Moral: Hunger takes away a man’s reason. Even Jesus, the epitome of mercy cursed the fig tree that was unable to satisfy his hunger; rather than commanding it to bear fruit at once.
Thursday, April 24, 2008
To Judge or not to Judge
Someone sent me an email from a nonexistent email address inviting me to read the documents that could be downloaded from the url http://const.countpakistan.com
I did download the 111 page document which contained the proclamation of emergency of 3rd November, 2007, the Provisional constitutional order issued by the chief of army staff and the Supreme Court judgment on a number of petitions related to it.
I have the following comments to make:
1. As soon as the constitution was put in abeyance by the chief of army staff and PCO was issued, the presidency also became nonfunctional and he (who also held the office of president) ceased to be the president and will remain a non-president until restored to Office by the Parliament. His recognition by alien governments has no meaning. Similarly the use of a non-president to administer oaths of office to elected representatives does not reinstate him as President.
2. If the non-president became president again on withdrawal of the PCO, then by default all the judges deposed as a consequence of the PCO and other orders issued under it also stood restored to office.
3. The old notion of "the will or word of the sovereign is law" is no longer valid. The present day democratic doctrine is that "a proclaimed law is not a law until accepted by the people through their elected representatives or by a referendum." Any court that bases its judgment on unaccepted law acts against the spirit of justice and the judgment is not even worth the paper on which it is written. It is interesting that the judgment in question quotes in length from judgments and writings of Indian, British and American jurists and authors but does not make any reference to Islamic traditions, nor does it contain a single phrase of original wisdom.
4. The best way to resolve the present constitutional and judicial crisis in Pakistan is to hold a referendum by which the people can endorse or reject the presidential, legal and judicial actions of the intervening period.
I did download the 111 page document which contained the proclamation of emergency of 3rd November, 2007, the Provisional constitutional order issued by the chief of army staff and the Supreme Court judgment on a number of petitions related to it.
I have the following comments to make:
1. As soon as the constitution was put in abeyance by the chief of army staff and PCO was issued, the presidency also became nonfunctional and he (who also held the office of president) ceased to be the president and will remain a non-president until restored to Office by the Parliament. His recognition by alien governments has no meaning. Similarly the use of a non-president to administer oaths of office to elected representatives does not reinstate him as President.
2. If the non-president became president again on withdrawal of the PCO, then by default all the judges deposed as a consequence of the PCO and other orders issued under it also stood restored to office.
3. The old notion of "the will or word of the sovereign is law" is no longer valid. The present day democratic doctrine is that "a proclaimed law is not a law until accepted by the people through their elected representatives or by a referendum." Any court that bases its judgment on unaccepted law acts against the spirit of justice and the judgment is not even worth the paper on which it is written. It is interesting that the judgment in question quotes in length from judgments and writings of Indian, British and American jurists and authors but does not make any reference to Islamic traditions, nor does it contain a single phrase of original wisdom.
4. The best way to resolve the present constitutional and judicial crisis in Pakistan is to hold a referendum by which the people can endorse or reject the presidential, legal and judicial actions of the intervening period.
Sunday, March 30, 2008
The Way Ahead
For the first time in the history of Pakistan non-controversial elections have been held and a central government has been formed which has the unanimous support of all political parties. The lawmakers have taken the oath of allegiance to constitution and law and it has been repeatedly said that from now on Pakistan will be ruled by its 160 million people.
It would be a good idea if the people of Pakistan, its government, institutions and media work together to celebrate a day when every Pakistani man, woman and child living in the country or abroad would take an oath:
"to defend the Constitution of Pakistan, oppose its total or partial suspension, live by the laws of Pakistan and not participate in any unlawful activity, work for the glory of the Nation and Country, care for each other and voluntarily return anything acquired unlawfully."
Let us make it happen as soon as possible.
It would be a good idea if the people of Pakistan, its government, institutions and media work together to celebrate a day when every Pakistani man, woman and child living in the country or abroad would take an oath:
"to defend the Constitution of Pakistan, oppose its total or partial suspension, live by the laws of Pakistan and not participate in any unlawful activity, work for the glory of the Nation and Country, care for each other and voluntarily return anything acquired unlawfully."
Let us make it happen as soon as possible.
Saturday, March 29, 2008
To New Scientist
Refering to page 24 of the March 1 issue, I fail to grasp the humor of Mr. Prothero when he says "......higher organisms such as birds and mammals to humans (and ultimately to God)". Mr. Darwin certainly did not have the benefit of observing the process of evolution we have done in our lives. Think about the evolution from hand-carts to intelligent, talking cars and auto-pilot aeroplanes or from the abacus to the super-computer. I call it the evolution of inorganic life on earth and am proud of having participatd in it. Unfortunately, I know very little about biology or geology, but I am inclined to think that organic evolution would also have taken place in a similar manner.
In the next issue there is going to be an article on "dark matter" that comprises 96 percent of what exists in the universe. May be then I would be able to conjecture whether a life form could have evolved there or that is just another third world.
In the next issue there is going to be an article on "dark matter" that comprises 96 percent of what exists in the universe. May be then I would be able to conjecture whether a life form could have evolved there or that is just another third world.
Friday, March 21, 2008
Pakistan Today
1. General Musharraf used to be a brave and patriotic soldier, but the careless use of chocolate colored American rice condiment has affected him badly. His courage index is so low that he can not admit his mistakes and his patriotism has become so diluted that he is unable to make a sacrifice for the country and nation he must still be loving passionately. Maybe, the use of desi halva can help him, but it should be left to his wife.
2. The pitiable state of Pakistn's deposed judiciary is the result of their own doings. Had they not transgressed their limits by endorsing political demands and follies of ambitious generals they would not be sorry today. An Urdu saying means that if you feed milk to a snake, you are bound to be bitten.
3. The judges who have taken oath of allegiance to the Chief of Army Staff are no longer part of the judicial system. They should be sent to army barrcks and should be paid from army funds.
2. The pitiable state of Pakistn's deposed judiciary is the result of their own doings. Had they not transgressed their limits by endorsing political demands and follies of ambitious generals they would not be sorry today. An Urdu saying means that if you feed milk to a snake, you are bound to be bitten.
3. The judges who have taken oath of allegiance to the Chief of Army Staff are no longer part of the judicial system. They should be sent to army barrcks and should be paid from army funds.
To Jasmeen
Dear Jasmeen,
I watched the concluding part of your program last night. I shall be brief as I have other things to do.
There is certainly a link between terrorism in Pakistan and brothels. It is my observation that the feeling of erosion of cherished values drives one to utter desperation, suicidal streak and sadism -- the mixture being called terrorism. Examples can be found in Europe and America of the 60's and Far East.
According to latest surveys there are upto 15000 male and female prostitutes in Karachi alone, many of them HIV infected.
Your contention that the high office of president should not be denigrated is absolutely agreeable. So is the case with the high offices of prime minister and chief justice.
Unfortunately, president Musharraf rose to power by disgracing the high office of prime minister and has continued his position by disrupting and bringing to disrepute the entire judiciary of Pakistan.
President Musharraf had completely aligned himself with a certain political party and severely attacked the others.
Now that the political parties that he denigrated have obtained a popular mandate, he should show loyalty to his chosen party and make a personal sacrifice for the sake of the nation by stepping down gracefully. If he agrees to work with the new political forces, it would be called political prostitution by some. Politics and soldiery, like love and religion, are all about undivided loyalty.
The reason why many sensible people like myself supported him in the past is that he seemed to be the only choice to maintain stability in the country. Recent events have shown that the fear does not exist anymore. Hence president Musharraf has become dispensable.
You are welcome to continue the argument.
I watched the concluding part of your program last night. I shall be brief as I have other things to do.
There is certainly a link between terrorism in Pakistan and brothels. It is my observation that the feeling of erosion of cherished values drives one to utter desperation, suicidal streak and sadism -- the mixture being called terrorism. Examples can be found in Europe and America of the 60's and Far East.
According to latest surveys there are upto 15000 male and female prostitutes in Karachi alone, many of them HIV infected.
Your contention that the high office of president should not be denigrated is absolutely agreeable. So is the case with the high offices of prime minister and chief justice.
Unfortunately, president Musharraf rose to power by disgracing the high office of prime minister and has continued his position by disrupting and bringing to disrepute the entire judiciary of Pakistan.
President Musharraf had completely aligned himself with a certain political party and severely attacked the others.
Now that the political parties that he denigrated have obtained a popular mandate, he should show loyalty to his chosen party and make a personal sacrifice for the sake of the nation by stepping down gracefully. If he agrees to work with the new political forces, it would be called political prostitution by some. Politics and soldiery, like love and religion, are all about undivided loyalty.
The reason why many sensible people like myself supported him in the past is that he seemed to be the only choice to maintain stability in the country. Recent events have shown that the fear does not exist anymore. Hence president Musharraf has become dispensable.
You are welcome to continue the argument.
Thursday, February 28, 2008
The Spirit of Islam – A personal perspective
On a number of occasions I have been asked by nonmuslim friends and associates to explain my religion and beliefs that make me the unique individual that I am, in a language that they can understand. From a thorough study of the Holy Qur'an, Hadith (Prophet Muhammad’s traditions) and lives of good Muslims spanning over many years, I have derived the following basic principles of Islam. This work is not a replacement of Fiqh, but a brief summary of the teachings of the Holy Qur'an and Prophet Muhammad (sallaho alaihe wasallam) which may help the uninitiated to understand Islam. Selected references to chapter and verse have been given in brackets but there is a lot more in the Holy Qur’an and books of Hadith. The text in italics is my own interpretation of the words of the Holy Qur’an and Hadith; the ideas may seem new to those Muslims who have relied on classical interpretations but may become clear after a little reflection. Any comment, criticism, query or suggestion for improvement will be welcomed.
1. The Singularity of existence: Allah is the only God – an eternal being having all power and knowledge, born of none and having no progeny, who has no needs or weaknesses. He created the world and He protects, controls and nurtures it with utmost compassion and mercy. All changes in the world are by His command. One must not worship or call anyone but Allah for help. (2:255, 4:48, 21:30, 87:1-3, 112:1-4)
The entire Universe is a single living organism which appears to be growing and everything that exists is a part of this whole. The Kingdom of Allah gives equality and moral sovereignty to every human individual. Some philosophers define Allah or God as the mind and memory or intelligence or central nervous system of the Universe from Whom all living and nonliving objects derive their behavior patterns.
2. The authentic messenger: Allah revealed His commands for correct human conduct afresh to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) who was a perfect human being and a model to be followed. The collection of these revelations is called the Holy Qur'an which is a book of guidance for all times to come. The code of conduct given in the Holy Qur'an is called Islam, and a Muslim must follow the entire code without exception. (2:2, 3:144, 33-40, Chapter 47, 48-29 )
Islam, like any other religion, gives a code of duties as well as defining rights, only it is more comprehensive and understandable. In a perfect society everyone must voluntarily perform his or her duties without waiting for others to claim their rights and indulging in conflict.
3. Islam is the religion of pure reason: Nearly half of the Holy Qur'an consists of reasoning to convince its readers. Islam has no place for activities leading to psychological intimidation, induced change of mood, impairment of judgment or irrational attachment. Hence it does not allow the use of statues, pictures, music, dancing or intoxicants in religious rites and discourages them in social or personal life. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) strictly forbade the making of his picture or statue. (2:3, 17:54,89)
The Holy Qur’an contains guidance for the muttaqeen who are conscientious about their mistakes and seek the right path. Arrogant persons who are not prepared to accept their mistakes can hardly benefit from the Holy Qur’an. Taqwa is not the physical fear of Allah, as commonly translated, because one does not try to get close to what one fears while Taqwa is an act that brings one close to Allah.
4. The glory of Man: Humankind is superior to all other creatures and Allah's viceroy on earth. Human beings must complement His functions of protecting, nurturing and improving His creations. This should be the only purpose of all pursuits of knowledge and scientific research. (2:30,195, 51:49)
Acquiring knowledge and reflecting on the manifestations of nature is an essential part of human intellectual activity and the Holy Qur’an repeatedly recommends it.
5. The Day of Judgment: Everyone will have to account for all his or her actions in life and be rewarded or punished on an appointed day. On that day, the world will cease to exist as we know it and all who would have lived and died will come alive again and become immortal to experience the pleasures or pains they deserve for ever. (3:185, 18:47-49, 84:1-25)
The concept of Day of Judgment can be found in many religions and quite often the street preacher presents it as the ultimate festival with elaborate scenarios of theatrics by God and His Prophets. In reality, it is something to be viewed with a spiritual angle and taken very seriously.
6. All human beings are equal in the eyes of Allah: Men and women have equal rights, though men are a step higher on the ladder; and a red man is not superior to a black man or vice versa. Allah has made people different to promote healthy competition and accelerated development. Cleanliness and piety bring one closer to Allah. Cleanliness is half of faith. (2:228, 30:22)
A man is responsible for the protection, feeding, education and discipline of his family. He must earn himself and not use the women and children for financial gain. Yet if a woman has knowledge or skills that can be employed gainfully in the service of the community without violating the Islamic code of life, she should not be discouraged.
7. Sanctity of Human Life: One who murders a human being murders all humankind and one who saves a human life saves all humankind. (5:32)
Matters relating to murder and saving of lives are universal and transcend all religious and ethnic classifications. All members of a community should work together to condemn and punish a murderer irrespective of their or the murderer’s or the victim’s religious or racial identity. One must not hesitate in taking action to save a life in danger because the person in question belongs to a different religion or race and the person who saves a life or lives as a profession should receive universal respect without religious or other prejudice.
8. Prayer: The viceroy must always act in consultation with the Creator. Five times a day, at appointed times one must perform ablutions and stand in meditation, recite from the Holy Qur’an, go through the motions of prayer or Salat as done by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), communicate one's observations, thoughts, feelings and needs to Allah and take all decisions in attendance before Allah. (2:3, 5:6, 24:56, 35:22)
Prayer is direct communication between an individual or group and Allah and a basic requirement for obtaining guidance from the Holy Qur’an. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had instructed that apart from attending the congregations one should also say prayers by oneself. Placing an intermediary Vaseela in the process of prayer makes it ineffective. Spiritual links can be established between individual human beings that can work to their mutual benefit or detriment, but it has nothing to do with the relationship between people and Allah. Charms and amulets have psychological effect to boost one’s confidence but have no Divine significance.
9. Fasting: The fortunate must share the feelings of the less fortunate and be prepared for all eventualities. One must exercise complete self control and not eat or drink anything or indulge in carnal pleasures from sunrise to sunset during the lunar month of Ramadan every year. This practice is called fasting or Som in Arabic. (2:185)
Fasting is practiced in some form or other not only in all Biblical religions but also in religions that originated in other parts of the world such as Hinduism related to specific events or as a means of attaining mental peace. In Islam it is the charity of the body.
10. Poor Due: Charity is the highest virtue. Every year one must share at least a fortieth part of one's fortune with the needy without putting any obligation on them. This practice is called Zakat. The Qur’an lists the preferred causes and people on whom charity should be spent, one of which is the freeing of people from bondage. (2:43,177, 9:60)
Charity is appreciated in all civilized societies without exception as a voluntary virtue, however Islam makes it obligatory for every well to do believer.
11. Pilgrimage to the source of the truth: Those who can afford must, during their lifetime, make a pilgrimage to Makkah and Madinah to pray and familiarize themselves with the environment in which the Holy Qur'an was revealed and go through the rites and motions Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed during the Hajj. The blood and meat of the sacrificial beast do not reach Allah but the sentiments of the pilgrim do. (2:196-203, Chapter 22)
In this way one can verify if his or her attitudes and practices are in accordance with the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as they were conveyed from generation to generation and are being practiced in the places where he lived. Repentance during Hajj brings absolution from missed prayers and fasting, unpaid Zakat and other personal lapses, but the liabilities of crime and debt remain.
12. Privacy is everyone's privilege and prerogative: One must cover one's private parts and ensure that others' privacy is not compromised. Privacy can only be shared between a man and a woman through a mutually agreed and solemnized relationship. A man can be shared between women, but a woman can not be shared between men. A man can marry up to four orphan women at a time if they need to be sheltered, but since he can not give equal love to each, he should be content with one wife. Children are the gifts of Allah and must be protected. Adultery and incest are prohibited and the rules of marriage and divorce are laid down in the Holy Qur'an. (4:3, 22-25, 6-151, 17-32, 24:2)
In the Islamic culture, public displays that can cause sex related stress in normal and healthy individuals are considered environmental pollution. The Prophet’s many wives were actually volunteers who had contracted to live with him to learn a woman’s ways in Islam and teach the same to other Muslim women.
13. Honesty is the essence of Islam: One must give full measure while selling and protect and return what is given in trust. All agreements must be written down and witnessed by men or women or both. The terms of a loan agreement must be dictated by the borrower, and since consumable items can not be rented, interest can not be charged on money lent. A loan must be returned. (2:275, 282, 3:30, 4:29, 6:58,152, 11:85, 17:35, 83:1-6)
In Islamic culture honesty and faith are synonymous. Any amount or object that one receives from anyone as loan or graft or in any manner such as fraud or embezzlement that is not his or her by right becomes a debt that must be repaid before that person’s last rites, Namaze Janaza. If not, then it stands to reason that the liability would be transferred to the successors of that person and would remain so until the Day of Judgment. The only way a debt can be retired is by paying to the creditor or his or her successors. No amount of charity or good deeds can substitute debt retirement. Islam clearly defines a role for women in the economic and legal aspects of the society and allows them to consult each other when appearing as witnesses in a court of law. It also implies that all Muslim women should be educated to be able to read and sign legal documents.
14. and Punishment: No one carries the burden of another's guilt. Punishment can only be physical and the freedom of movement of an individual can not be restrained except for a short period during the investigation of a witnessed crime. One has the right of equal retribution, but forgiveness is preferable. The right of forgiveness rests with the aggrieved party. Crime must be eradicated from society by exemplary punishment to those whose crimes are proven beyond a shadow of doubt. Limits of punishment for certain specific crimes are prescribed in the Holy Qur'an. (5:38-40)
Law and morality are so closely intertwined in Islam that any attempt to separate the two strains the social fabric and produces violent reactions. Islamic logic also differs from Greek logic as it places ethical restraints on the length to which an argument can be extended.
15. Sanctity of the spoken word: One must not hide the truth and must endeavor to dispense justice without prejudice or favor. One must protect the rights of the weak and the orphans and ensure that whatever is due to them reaches them. Every word uttered by a Muslim is a word of honor that can make or break relationships and must be kept at all costs. (4:135, 5:8, 11:90)
A half truth is also a partial concealment of truth and unacceptable in Islam.
16. Purity of food: One must not consume intoxicants, CNS depressants, blood, carrion and meat of pigs or animals killed by shock or torture or dedicated to a deity. Except these, all items of food that are good to human beings and rightfully owned may be consumed. (2:173, 5-3, 90-91)
The prohibited items are not necessarily filth and those who consume them are not necessarily filthy.
17. Rewards of work: One only gets what one strives for, there being no limit to what one can achieve. One must not indulge in pursuits that promise gain without effort or with token investment. Workers and laborers should be paid their fair wages before their sweat dries. (53:39)
Some verses of the holy Qur’an are often misinterpreted to construe that everything in this world is predetermined and fait rather than people decide matters. If that were so then what would be the sense in the day of Judgment?
18. Good manners: One must bow with those who bow and must not act in a supercilious manner. One must respect one's parents and care for them in their old age. One must ensure that no one is hurt by one's hands or tongue. (3:134, 4:36, 31:18)
“Bow with those who bow” is often construed as congregational prayer but it can equally be interpreted as humility in response to respect and adoration.
19. Legacy: One's legacy must be distributed among one's survivors proportionately as instructed in the Holy Qur'an which includes all sons and daughters, spouse, parents and siblings. The will of a deceased person must be executed. (4:7-13)
The Holy Qur’an has provided a divine solution to the greatest source of social discord.
20. Tolerance: One must respect the religious beliefs of others and not use force in matters of faith. Yet one must gently persuade others to embrace Islam, to do good deeds and renounce evil. Islam confirms Jesus (Issa, pbuh) and Moses (Moosa, pbuh) as true prophets of Allah and the Holy Qur'an recounts the stories of Biblical characters from Adam (pbuh) to Issa (pbuh) with rationalizations and proclaims belief in them as part of faith. (2-256, 7:199-200, 22:67, 109:all)
In the early Muslim converted settlements on the fringes of Europe violence and coercion was used to convert people to Islam and as a result the spread of Islam in those directions stopped.
21. Self defense: If there is no other recourse, one must wage war against injustice, repression and the domination of evil. The spirit of combat should be to eliminate injustice and evil, not to take revenge for personal offences. Aggression should be confronted with force, and preparations should be made if aggression is imminent. Those who die in the path of righteousness become immortal and blessed by Allah. (2:190-194)
A good Muslim never commits an act of aggression, as he or she can persuade others by sound reasoning based on Qur’anic injunctions.
22. Democracy: For any collective activity, a leader should be elected by consensus and should be obeyed unless he or she violates accepted norms of Islam. Everyone has the right to express disagreement with superiors and receive a convincing explanation. (2:59)
Many examples of this practice can be found in the lives of the Holy Prophet and his succeeding Caliphs.
23. Gifts of God: The Sun and the Moon follow calculated paths, the trees and plants are in a state of submission and the world is at the disposal of humankind. One must not disturb the balances created by Allah. Allah has evolved the human race by genetic encoding of the essence of the Holy Qur’an and He looks after everything in both the northern and southern hemispheres of the earth represented by the two Easts and the two Wests. The human race is superior to all other creatures due to its ability to give names to objects, events, feelings and ideas thus developing languages, literature and sciences. (55:1-10)
24. Laws of Nature: The laws of nature were formulated by Allah on the ‘Day of Deen’. They are inescapable and one must try to understand them. One must strive to acquire knowledge of industry and invention. Iron is a gift of Allah and must be utilized for the benefit and protection of people. (1:3, 30:30, 57:25)
The same should apply to other metals and minerals.
25. Genesis: Allah worked for six ages of a thousand years to set up the mechanism of creation and established His headquarters in heaven, then said "happen" and the world took shape. He monitors the state of affairs in the world and sends new ideas in a cycle of a thousand years. All life emerged from water. Humankind has been created in the best era of the world's existence. (10:3, 21:30, 32:4-5, 95:4,)
26. Soul: The human soul is immortal and there is a population of invisible spiritual beings in heaven and earth called angels and jinnat. The devil belongs to the genus of the jinn. (2-85, Ch 72,)
27. The devil: The devil is out to undo the goodness of human beings and they must resist evil temptations. Allah forgives those who repent their lapses or failings due to ignorance and seek His forgiveness. (16:63)
28. Perseverance: Adversity is never beyond the tolerance limit of the sufferer, and one must never lose hope. Allah goes with those who have patience. If an innocent person who is faced with deep trouble calls Allah for help, He responds favorably. (2-45,153, 156-7, 286, 3-200)
The Holy Qur’an relates many accounts of extreme adversity faced by prophets and saints to prove the point.
© Mohammad Nasim, D-1 Doulat Square, Gulshan-e-Iqbal 13/B, Karachi-75300, Pakistan.
Tel: 4992612, 03008272567. (2947 words) email: mnasim_99@yahoo.com
1. The Singularity of existence: Allah is the only God – an eternal being having all power and knowledge, born of none and having no progeny, who has no needs or weaknesses. He created the world and He protects, controls and nurtures it with utmost compassion and mercy. All changes in the world are by His command. One must not worship or call anyone but Allah for help. (2:255, 4:48, 21:30, 87:1-3, 112:1-4)
The entire Universe is a single living organism which appears to be growing and everything that exists is a part of this whole. The Kingdom of Allah gives equality and moral sovereignty to every human individual. Some philosophers define Allah or God as the mind and memory or intelligence or central nervous system of the Universe from Whom all living and nonliving objects derive their behavior patterns.
2. The authentic messenger: Allah revealed His commands for correct human conduct afresh to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) who was a perfect human being and a model to be followed. The collection of these revelations is called the Holy Qur'an which is a book of guidance for all times to come. The code of conduct given in the Holy Qur'an is called Islam, and a Muslim must follow the entire code without exception. (2:2, 3:144, 33-40, Chapter 47, 48-29 )
Islam, like any other religion, gives a code of duties as well as defining rights, only it is more comprehensive and understandable. In a perfect society everyone must voluntarily perform his or her duties without waiting for others to claim their rights and indulging in conflict.
3. Islam is the religion of pure reason: Nearly half of the Holy Qur'an consists of reasoning to convince its readers. Islam has no place for activities leading to psychological intimidation, induced change of mood, impairment of judgment or irrational attachment. Hence it does not allow the use of statues, pictures, music, dancing or intoxicants in religious rites and discourages them in social or personal life. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) strictly forbade the making of his picture or statue. (2:3, 17:54,89)
The Holy Qur’an contains guidance for the muttaqeen who are conscientious about their mistakes and seek the right path. Arrogant persons who are not prepared to accept their mistakes can hardly benefit from the Holy Qur’an. Taqwa is not the physical fear of Allah, as commonly translated, because one does not try to get close to what one fears while Taqwa is an act that brings one close to Allah.
4. The glory of Man: Humankind is superior to all other creatures and Allah's viceroy on earth. Human beings must complement His functions of protecting, nurturing and improving His creations. This should be the only purpose of all pursuits of knowledge and scientific research. (2:30,195, 51:49)
Acquiring knowledge and reflecting on the manifestations of nature is an essential part of human intellectual activity and the Holy Qur’an repeatedly recommends it.
5. The Day of Judgment: Everyone will have to account for all his or her actions in life and be rewarded or punished on an appointed day. On that day, the world will cease to exist as we know it and all who would have lived and died will come alive again and become immortal to experience the pleasures or pains they deserve for ever. (3:185, 18:47-49, 84:1-25)
The concept of Day of Judgment can be found in many religions and quite often the street preacher presents it as the ultimate festival with elaborate scenarios of theatrics by God and His Prophets. In reality, it is something to be viewed with a spiritual angle and taken very seriously.
6. All human beings are equal in the eyes of Allah: Men and women have equal rights, though men are a step higher on the ladder; and a red man is not superior to a black man or vice versa. Allah has made people different to promote healthy competition and accelerated development. Cleanliness and piety bring one closer to Allah. Cleanliness is half of faith. (2:228, 30:22)
A man is responsible for the protection, feeding, education and discipline of his family. He must earn himself and not use the women and children for financial gain. Yet if a woman has knowledge or skills that can be employed gainfully in the service of the community without violating the Islamic code of life, she should not be discouraged.
7. Sanctity of Human Life: One who murders a human being murders all humankind and one who saves a human life saves all humankind. (5:32)
Matters relating to murder and saving of lives are universal and transcend all religious and ethnic classifications. All members of a community should work together to condemn and punish a murderer irrespective of their or the murderer’s or the victim’s religious or racial identity. One must not hesitate in taking action to save a life in danger because the person in question belongs to a different religion or race and the person who saves a life or lives as a profession should receive universal respect without religious or other prejudice.
8. Prayer: The viceroy must always act in consultation with the Creator. Five times a day, at appointed times one must perform ablutions and stand in meditation, recite from the Holy Qur’an, go through the motions of prayer or Salat as done by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), communicate one's observations, thoughts, feelings and needs to Allah and take all decisions in attendance before Allah. (2:3, 5:6, 24:56, 35:22)
Prayer is direct communication between an individual or group and Allah and a basic requirement for obtaining guidance from the Holy Qur’an. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had instructed that apart from attending the congregations one should also say prayers by oneself. Placing an intermediary Vaseela in the process of prayer makes it ineffective. Spiritual links can be established between individual human beings that can work to their mutual benefit or detriment, but it has nothing to do with the relationship between people and Allah. Charms and amulets have psychological effect to boost one’s confidence but have no Divine significance.
9. Fasting: The fortunate must share the feelings of the less fortunate and be prepared for all eventualities. One must exercise complete self control and not eat or drink anything or indulge in carnal pleasures from sunrise to sunset during the lunar month of Ramadan every year. This practice is called fasting or Som in Arabic. (2:185)
Fasting is practiced in some form or other not only in all Biblical religions but also in religions that originated in other parts of the world such as Hinduism related to specific events or as a means of attaining mental peace. In Islam it is the charity of the body.
10. Poor Due: Charity is the highest virtue. Every year one must share at least a fortieth part of one's fortune with the needy without putting any obligation on them. This practice is called Zakat. The Qur’an lists the preferred causes and people on whom charity should be spent, one of which is the freeing of people from bondage. (2:43,177, 9:60)
Charity is appreciated in all civilized societies without exception as a voluntary virtue, however Islam makes it obligatory for every well to do believer.
11. Pilgrimage to the source of the truth: Those who can afford must, during their lifetime, make a pilgrimage to Makkah and Madinah to pray and familiarize themselves with the environment in which the Holy Qur'an was revealed and go through the rites and motions Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed during the Hajj. The blood and meat of the sacrificial beast do not reach Allah but the sentiments of the pilgrim do. (2:196-203, Chapter 22)
In this way one can verify if his or her attitudes and practices are in accordance with the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as they were conveyed from generation to generation and are being practiced in the places where he lived. Repentance during Hajj brings absolution from missed prayers and fasting, unpaid Zakat and other personal lapses, but the liabilities of crime and debt remain.
12. Privacy is everyone's privilege and prerogative: One must cover one's private parts and ensure that others' privacy is not compromised. Privacy can only be shared between a man and a woman through a mutually agreed and solemnized relationship. A man can be shared between women, but a woman can not be shared between men. A man can marry up to four orphan women at a time if they need to be sheltered, but since he can not give equal love to each, he should be content with one wife. Children are the gifts of Allah and must be protected. Adultery and incest are prohibited and the rules of marriage and divorce are laid down in the Holy Qur'an. (4:3, 22-25, 6-151, 17-32, 24:2)
In the Islamic culture, public displays that can cause sex related stress in normal and healthy individuals are considered environmental pollution. The Prophet’s many wives were actually volunteers who had contracted to live with him to learn a woman’s ways in Islam and teach the same to other Muslim women.
13. Honesty is the essence of Islam: One must give full measure while selling and protect and return what is given in trust. All agreements must be written down and witnessed by men or women or both. The terms of a loan agreement must be dictated by the borrower, and since consumable items can not be rented, interest can not be charged on money lent. A loan must be returned. (2:275, 282, 3:30, 4:29, 6:58,152, 11:85, 17:35, 83:1-6)
In Islamic culture honesty and faith are synonymous. Any amount or object that one receives from anyone as loan or graft or in any manner such as fraud or embezzlement that is not his or her by right becomes a debt that must be repaid before that person’s last rites, Namaze Janaza. If not, then it stands to reason that the liability would be transferred to the successors of that person and would remain so until the Day of Judgment. The only way a debt can be retired is by paying to the creditor or his or her successors. No amount of charity or good deeds can substitute debt retirement. Islam clearly defines a role for women in the economic and legal aspects of the society and allows them to consult each other when appearing as witnesses in a court of law. It also implies that all Muslim women should be educated to be able to read and sign legal documents.
14. and Punishment: No one carries the burden of another's guilt. Punishment can only be physical and the freedom of movement of an individual can not be restrained except for a short period during the investigation of a witnessed crime. One has the right of equal retribution, but forgiveness is preferable. The right of forgiveness rests with the aggrieved party. Crime must be eradicated from society by exemplary punishment to those whose crimes are proven beyond a shadow of doubt. Limits of punishment for certain specific crimes are prescribed in the Holy Qur'an. (5:38-40)
Law and morality are so closely intertwined in Islam that any attempt to separate the two strains the social fabric and produces violent reactions. Islamic logic also differs from Greek logic as it places ethical restraints on the length to which an argument can be extended.
15. Sanctity of the spoken word: One must not hide the truth and must endeavor to dispense justice without prejudice or favor. One must protect the rights of the weak and the orphans and ensure that whatever is due to them reaches them. Every word uttered by a Muslim is a word of honor that can make or break relationships and must be kept at all costs. (4:135, 5:8, 11:90)
A half truth is also a partial concealment of truth and unacceptable in Islam.
16. Purity of food: One must not consume intoxicants, CNS depressants, blood, carrion and meat of pigs or animals killed by shock or torture or dedicated to a deity. Except these, all items of food that are good to human beings and rightfully owned may be consumed. (2:173, 5-3, 90-91)
The prohibited items are not necessarily filth and those who consume them are not necessarily filthy.
17. Rewards of work: One only gets what one strives for, there being no limit to what one can achieve. One must not indulge in pursuits that promise gain without effort or with token investment. Workers and laborers should be paid their fair wages before their sweat dries. (53:39)
Some verses of the holy Qur’an are often misinterpreted to construe that everything in this world is predetermined and fait rather than people decide matters. If that were so then what would be the sense in the day of Judgment?
18. Good manners: One must bow with those who bow and must not act in a supercilious manner. One must respect one's parents and care for them in their old age. One must ensure that no one is hurt by one's hands or tongue. (3:134, 4:36, 31:18)
“Bow with those who bow” is often construed as congregational prayer but it can equally be interpreted as humility in response to respect and adoration.
19. Legacy: One's legacy must be distributed among one's survivors proportionately as instructed in the Holy Qur'an which includes all sons and daughters, spouse, parents and siblings. The will of a deceased person must be executed. (4:7-13)
The Holy Qur’an has provided a divine solution to the greatest source of social discord.
20. Tolerance: One must respect the religious beliefs of others and not use force in matters of faith. Yet one must gently persuade others to embrace Islam, to do good deeds and renounce evil. Islam confirms Jesus (Issa, pbuh) and Moses (Moosa, pbuh) as true prophets of Allah and the Holy Qur'an recounts the stories of Biblical characters from Adam (pbuh) to Issa (pbuh) with rationalizations and proclaims belief in them as part of faith. (2-256, 7:199-200, 22:67, 109:all)
In the early Muslim converted settlements on the fringes of Europe violence and coercion was used to convert people to Islam and as a result the spread of Islam in those directions stopped.
21. Self defense: If there is no other recourse, one must wage war against injustice, repression and the domination of evil. The spirit of combat should be to eliminate injustice and evil, not to take revenge for personal offences. Aggression should be confronted with force, and preparations should be made if aggression is imminent. Those who die in the path of righteousness become immortal and blessed by Allah. (2:190-194)
A good Muslim never commits an act of aggression, as he or she can persuade others by sound reasoning based on Qur’anic injunctions.
22. Democracy: For any collective activity, a leader should be elected by consensus and should be obeyed unless he or she violates accepted norms of Islam. Everyone has the right to express disagreement with superiors and receive a convincing explanation. (2:59)
Many examples of this practice can be found in the lives of the Holy Prophet and his succeeding Caliphs.
23. Gifts of God: The Sun and the Moon follow calculated paths, the trees and plants are in a state of submission and the world is at the disposal of humankind. One must not disturb the balances created by Allah. Allah has evolved the human race by genetic encoding of the essence of the Holy Qur’an and He looks after everything in both the northern and southern hemispheres of the earth represented by the two Easts and the two Wests. The human race is superior to all other creatures due to its ability to give names to objects, events, feelings and ideas thus developing languages, literature and sciences. (55:1-10)
24. Laws of Nature: The laws of nature were formulated by Allah on the ‘Day of Deen’. They are inescapable and one must try to understand them. One must strive to acquire knowledge of industry and invention. Iron is a gift of Allah and must be utilized for the benefit and protection of people. (1:3, 30:30, 57:25)
The same should apply to other metals and minerals.
25. Genesis: Allah worked for six ages of a thousand years to set up the mechanism of creation and established His headquarters in heaven, then said "happen" and the world took shape. He monitors the state of affairs in the world and sends new ideas in a cycle of a thousand years. All life emerged from water. Humankind has been created in the best era of the world's existence. (10:3, 21:30, 32:4-5, 95:4,)
26. Soul: The human soul is immortal and there is a population of invisible spiritual beings in heaven and earth called angels and jinnat. The devil belongs to the genus of the jinn. (2-85, Ch 72,)
27. The devil: The devil is out to undo the goodness of human beings and they must resist evil temptations. Allah forgives those who repent their lapses or failings due to ignorance and seek His forgiveness. (16:63)
28. Perseverance: Adversity is never beyond the tolerance limit of the sufferer, and one must never lose hope. Allah goes with those who have patience. If an innocent person who is faced with deep trouble calls Allah for help, He responds favorably. (2-45,153, 156-7, 286, 3-200)
The Holy Qur’an relates many accounts of extreme adversity faced by prophets and saints to prove the point.
© Mohammad Nasim, D-1 Doulat Square, Gulshan-e-Iqbal 13/B, Karachi-75300, Pakistan.
Tel: 4992612, 03008272567. (2947 words) email: mnasim_99@yahoo.com
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